Gross Anatomy II Palmer Exam 4 Practice

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• What is the perineal body?
• Where is the anterior thoracolumbar fascia located?
• Which epithelium lines the urinary bladder mucosa?
• Renal fascia is also known as what?
• Damage to the obturator nerve primarily affects which muscles?
• Which nerve is most directly associated with adductor muscle function and medial thigh sensation when injured?
• Which glands are located lateral and posterior to the vaginal opening?
• What is the hemodynamic goal of ligating the internal iliac artery?
• Laterally, the anterior thoracolumbar fascia continues with which aponeurosis?
• An internal iliac artery aneurysm can compress surrounding structures leading to which symptoms?
• How does the iliolumbar artery travel?
• Where are the labia minora located?
• Which action helps maintain erection by restricting venous outflow from the penis by compressing the deep dorsal vein tributaries?
• Which nerve innervates the quadratus lumborum?
• Which term is commonly used to refer to the fallopian tubes?
• Where is the rectouterine pouch located?
• The proximal ends of the corpus cavernosa taper to form structures that attach to the ischial rami. These structures are called:
• The wall of the glomerulus is lined with which type of epithelium?
• Which structure is contained in the vulva?
• Which artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?
• Which calyx is formed by the union of two or more minor calyces?
• Where is an internal iliac artery aneurysm located?
• What is micturition?
• What is the anatomical position of the perineum?
• What is the collecting system lined with?
• The prostate gland is located superior to which structure?
• The external pudendal arteries anastomose with which arteries?
• What is the inferior border of the deep perineal space?
• Which urethral sphincter is voluntary?
• Which of the following is a content of the deep perineal space?
• Which nerve supplies the psoas major?
• Which statement describes the travel of the lateral sacral artery?
• The midline scrotal raphe is continuous with which structure?
• From which vertebral level does the lateral arcuate ligament extend from its transverse process to the 12th rib?
• Which space lies between the superficial and deep fascia of the perineum?
• What is the broad ligament?
• Some of the pelvic plexuses drain through which pathways?
• The loop of Henle is located in which region of the kidney?
• What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?
• What does the zona fasciculata release and how does it function?
• Failure of fusion during diaphragm formation results in which condition?
• Which is the widest and longest part of the fallopian tube?
• Which muscle's fascia is thickened to form the medial arcuate ligament?
• The verumontanum is also known as which structure?
• What forms the edges of the esophageal opening?
• Which set of embryological components correctly contributes to the diaphragm?
• The uterosacral ligament primarily provides support by attaching the cervix to what structure?
• Which components form a nephron?
• What is the full pathway of blood supply to the kidney?
• What are the two expansions of the lumen in the spongy part of the male urethra?
• What do Bartholin's glands do?
• The rectouterine pouch is located between the uterus and which structure?
• Phimosis is best defined as which of the following?
• Catheterization is used for which of the following purposes?
• Which arrangement describes the terminal division of the internal iliac artery?
• Which hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?
• What is the action of the ischiocavernosus muscle in males?
• What is the trigone of the bladder?
• What does the mons pubis present with in adults?
• The opening at the level of T12 is called the
• The perineal body lies at the midpoint of the line between which landmarks?
• What is the penis?
• What does the foreskin cover?
• The levator ani is composed of which two muscles?
• Where is the ejaculatory duct formed?
• The vestibule of the vulva is the space enclosed by which structures?
• What is the inferior border of the superficial perineal space?
• The pelvic floor muscles stay closed openings by being pressed against which part of the skeleton?
• What does the term Helicine mean?
• Which nerves provide motor innervation to the penis?
• What is the function of the fluid between the visceral tunica vaginalis and the parietal tunica vaginalis?
• Which combination of contents is found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
• Intralobar veins end at which veins?
• The right kidney is located with its superior border at the level of the first lumbar vertebra and its inferior border at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. Which option best expresses this?
• The inferior rectal artery supplies which structure?
• Which tunic lines the scrotal cavity?
• The renal sinus contains which components?
• Which artery is present only in males?
• The distal end of the fallopian tube near the ovary is characterized by which feature?
• What results from paraphimosis?
• The external os is the opening between which structures?
• Which action is primarily performed by the iliacus?
• In the root of the penis, what is each crus attached to?
• Which structure is not part of the vulva?
• Describe the inner sides of the labia majora.
• Pelvic fascia is defined as which of the following?
• What is the superior border of the deep perineal space?
• Which artery supplies the cauda equina region of the spinal cord?
• What does the adrenal medulla stimulate?
• The bulbospongiosus muscles aid in emptying the spongy urethra by compressing which structures?
• The root of the penis is located in which perineal compartment?
• Which artery exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, and is located above the piriformis?
• Which of the following is not a part of the broad ligament?
• What are pelvic venous plexuses formed by?
• What is the shape of the suprarenal glands?
• Seminiferous tubules are the site of what process?
• The vaginal artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery and is present in which sex?
• Intralobar arteries begin beneath which anatomical feature of the kidney?
• Posterior scrotal arteries are terminal branches of which arteries?
• Bucks fascia is the continuation of which fascia?
• Which muscle is part of the pelvic floor?
• What are the renal papillae?
• What forms a major calyx?
• What is the renal sinus lined with?
• The basis of penoscrotal/scrotal hypospadias is which developmental failure?
• What is the sensory and sympathetic innervation of the penis?
• Which peritoneal pouch lies between the uterus and the bladder?
• The term that designates the cavity within the uterus is?
• The cervix contains openings to what?
• What encloses the fallopian tube?
• The ridge formed by tunica albuginea corresponds to which structure?
• When the umbilical artery obliterates, what does it become?
• Which of the following is NOT a ligament of the uterus?
• What is the action of the ischiocavernosus muscle in females?
• The obturator internus tendon passes through which foramen to attach on the femur?
• Which statement best describes the connection between the anterior thoracolumbar fascia and the transversus abdominis?
• Stretching of the pelvic area usually damages what nerves?
• PCOS can be described as which of the following?
• What is the glans penis?
• The arterial supply of the penis is via branches of which artery?
• What is the action of the iliacus?
• Which layer of the thoracolumbar fascia encloses deep back muscles when considered with the posterior layer?
• Where does the internal pudendal vessels and nerve pass through?
• Ovarian cancer can be associated with which of the following tumor types?
• If an internal iliac artery aneurysm is asymptomatic, what is the recommended evaluation?
• The central zone of the prostate surrounds which structure?
• Which artery supplies the bulb of vestibule?
• What does the renal cortex contain?
• The loop of Henle is located in which region of the kidney?
• What is the labia majora?
• In females, which artery is a branch of the internal pudendal artery that supplies the clitoris?
• Which statement is true regarding the left testis position?
• Anterior scrotal arteries arise from terminal branches of which arteries?
• How many openings are in the diaphragm?
• Which structure collects urine from the major calyces before entering the ureter?
• Formation of the scrotum is indicated by which feature?
• Which ligament runs within the broad ligament from the uterus toward the labia majora?
• What is the abnormal position of the uterus?
• Where does the piriformis originate?
• Which statement best describes the crura of the penis?
• The internal os is the opening between which structures?
• Which structure is supplied by the vaginal artery?
• Injury to the pelvic floor may lead to which conditions?
• What is the innervation of the iliacus?
• The prostatic artery is a branch of which artery?
• At the level of the isthmus, what structure does the uterine artery traverse?
• Which structures pass within the pudendal canal?
• Buck's fascia lies in relation to the tunica albuginea?
• What is the parent of the uterine artery?
• Which statement about the central zone is true?
• The opening at the level of T12 is the
• Damage to which nerve causes sensory loss in the medial thigh?
• Identify the layer of pelvic fascia that lines the inner aspect of pelvic muscles, forms the wall and floor, and is continuous with transversalis and iliopsoas fascia.
• The most common type of ovarian cancer is derived from which tissue?
• Which ligament attaches the cervix to the sacrum?
• Lobar arteries open to which renal structure?
• The opening at the level of T8 is called the
• With the anterior, what does the middle thoracolumbar fascia enclose?
• What tissue is the crus of the clitoris?
• The dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris is a branch of which nerve?
• The vaginal artery is a branch of which artery?
• The tendon of which muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen to attach on the femur?
• What is the muscle of the bladder?
• The perineum is separated from the pelvic cavity by what structure?
• What is the more common name for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol?
• Which cancer has the highest mortality rate among females?
• Microcysts in ovaries are associated with which organ?
• Into how many regions is the adrenal cortex divided?
• Which structure contains the convoluted tubules and renal corpuscle?
• Which structure collects urine directly from the renal papillae?
• How many histological zones are there in the prostate?
• The deep perineal space is best described as what?
• Which structure is NOT located within the hilum of the kidney?
• What tissue surrounds the prostate gland?
• The intramural part of the male urethra is surrounded by which structure?
• Which structure carries oocytes from the ovary toward the uterus?
• The fundiform ligament unites with which fascia to contribute to the scrotal septum?
• The urogenital hiatus is described as which shape?
• Which ligament is a thickening of the upper margin of the fascia covering the psoas muscle?
• Which ligament is NOT considered a true ligament of the uterus?
• Which gland secretes proteolytic enzymes to liquefy semen?
• The labia majora corresponds to which structure in males?
• In PCOS, the clinical hallmark is which of the following?
• What is the renal sinus filled with?
• What is the cervix?
• The right crus of the diaphragm originates from which vertebral levels?
• Which nerve provides motor supply to the perineal muscles including the ischiocavernosus and sphincter urethrae?
• Through which space does the membranous part of the male urethra traverse?
• What are the functions of the fallopian tubes?
• Which statement about the lateral arcuate ligament extension is correct?
• Which space is described as the space lateral to the anal canal within the anal triangle?
• The esophageal opening is located at the level of which vertebra?
• What does the perineal nerve for external genitalia provide?
• The artery that supplies the inferior bladder and pelvic ureter is which?
• The ligament that extends from the cervix to the lateral pelvic wall forming part of pelvic support is the
• Which of the following is NOT contained in the ischiorectal fossa?
• Where do the right gonadal veins drain?
• Where is the renal sinus located?
• Where are pelvic lymph nodes usually located and why?
• What covers the obturator internus muscle?
• Which zone is commonly associated with benign hyperplasia?
• What are the testes?
• Which nerve pierces the left dome of the diaphragm?
• How severe is tubal pregnancy?
• The organs that pass through the urogenital hiatus include urethra, rectum, and vagina. Which of the following does not pass through?
• What is the primary action of the psoas major?
• Which fascia binds the three erectile tissue columns together?
• Paraphimosis is defined as which of the following?
• Which structure is formed by thickening of the anterior thoracolumbar fascia on its superior aspect?
• The navicular fossa is a feature of which urethral portion?
• What is the insertion of the iliacus?
• Penile hypospadias describes the external urethral opening located where?
• Which nerves pass through the esophageal opening?
• Posterior scrotal arteries are terminal branches of which arteries?
• What is the term for the coiled arterial branches that constrict flow when the penis is flaccid?
• The site of fertilization within the fallopian tube is located in which portion?
• The left kidney spans from which superior border level to which inferior border level?
• Which description best captures the location of the perineal body relative to the vaginal vestibule and anal canal?
• What is the action of the psoas minor?
• Which nerve provides innervation to the psoas major?
• Which nerve provides sensory to external genitalia and motor to perineal muscles, among others?
• What muscles make up the pubococcygeus in males?
• What are the four parts of the male urethra?
• What is the lateral border of the superficial perineal space?
• Which peritoneal fold covers the fallopian tube specifically?
• The vaginal artery supplies which structures?
• What is the labia minora?
• Which muscle is NOT a component of the urogenital diaphragm?
• What are the spinal levels of the sciatic nerve?
• What is the second part of the male urethra and where does it pass?
• Which ligament connects the ovary to the uterus?
• The cardinal ligament is a type of which fascia?
• What forms the lateral border of the urogenital triangle?
• Which description defines the body of the penis?
• Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?
• Which structure is a nephron component among the following options?
• Damage to the obturator nerve results in what signs?
• Which statement is true about pubococcygeus composition?
• Which space lies between the perineal membrane and Colle's fascia?
• The membranous part of the male urethra begins at which landmark?
• Which statement about the broad ligament is true?
• What is the coccygeus also known as?
• Which pair of structures comprises the renal corpuscle?
• What is the origin of the iliacus?
• When does the length of the intramural part of the male urethra vary?
• The spongy (penile) urethra ends at which structure?
• How many anatomical lobes does the prostate have?
• Which muscle is not a component of the levator ani?
• The arterial sources supplying the scrotum involve which of the following?
• The perineum is best described anatomically as which region?
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is commonly associated with which ovarian finding?
• The perineal body is the convergence site for which muscle?
• Where is fertilization most commonly located within the fallopian tube?
• Which structure is contained in the deep perineal space?
• Penoscrotal/scrotal hypospadias features the external urethral orifice located where?
• How does the middle rectal artery travel in the pelvis?
• How do secreted proteolytic enzymes leave the prostate?
• Childbirth typically damages what nerve structure?
• What are the layers of the uterus from inner to outer?
• What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?
• Which vertebral levels form the left crus of the diaphragm?
• What is the isthmus of the uterus?
• Interlobar arteries branch at which boundary within the kidney?
• Which muscle's fascia thickening forms the medial arcuate ligament?
• When the lower limbs are abducted, how is the perineum positioned?
• The ischiorectal fossa is best described as which of the following?
• The internal pudendal artery supplies which region?
• Where are testes located?
• Hypospadias can be associated with inadequate production of which hormone?
• Prostatic ducts open into the prostatic urethra at how many openings on each side of the seminal colliculus?
• Cremasteric artery branches arise from which arteries?
• Where is the central zone of the prostate located and what percentage of normal prostate volume does it comprise?
• What important attachment does the labia majora have?
• Which structure is described as the irregular fibromuscular mass at the midpoint of the ischial tuberosities?
• Where are the external openings of urethra and vagina located?
• What is the most common form of hypospadias?
• Which structure passes through the caval opening?
• The fibers composing the fundiform ligament are primarily:
• What shape is the infundibulum?
• What is the anterior border of the urogenital triangle?
• Anterior scrotal arteries arise as terminal branches of which arteries?
• Which hormone group is produced by zona glomerulosa?
• Which part of the broad ligament covers the uterine tubes?
• The ischiorectal fossa is located lateral to which structure and below which diaphragm?
• Which muscle is a muscle of the pelvic wall?
• Approximately 1/3 of the prostate is composed of which tissue type?
• An internal iliac artery aneurysm is best described as which of the following?
• Which structure forms the ejaculatory duct with the vas deferens?
• What forms the anterior border of the superficial perineal space?
• Which glands secrete to lubricate the urethral opening and help prevent UTIs?
• If an internal iliac artery aneurysm ruptures, what is the likely outcome?
• Which of the following is NOT a branch of the internal iliac artery?
• The inferior vesicular artery supplies which structure?
• Which nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to pelvic viscera via the hypogastric and pelvic plexuses?
• Which nerves are branches of the sacral plexus?
• What are the crura of the penis?
• What nerve supplies the ischiocavernosus muscle in both sexes?
• Ligation of the internal iliac artery is performed for which primary purpose?
• Which muscles are supplied by the nerves to the levator ani and coccygeus?
• Which statement describes the posterior thoracolumbar fascia's relation to the latissimus dorsi?
• Which statement correctly identifies the glans penis?
• What muscles make up the pubococcygeus in females?
• Which statement is true about the perineal body's location?
• Which muscles are most commonly torn during childbirth due to encircling the urethra and supporting the vagina & anal canal?
• In its pelvic course, the umbilical artery gives off which artery?
• Which muscle from the deep perineal pouch is included in the urogenital diaphragm?
• Which glands secrete mucus into the vagina and labia minora?
• What is the fourth part of the male urethra and where does it pass?
• Which structure is not a superficial perineal pouch muscle?
• Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with ovarian cancer?
• The contents of the ischiorectal fossa are within which canal?
• The ischiocavernosus muscles increase penile turgidity by moving blood from which area to which?
• Renal fascia is best described as which of the following?
• Which set comprises parts of the broad ligament?
• What is the superficial perineal space?
• The anterior thoracolumbar fascia thickens on the superior aspect to form which ligament?
• Ducts of glands in the peripheral zone empty in which direction into the prostatic urethra?
• Where does a renal tubule originate?
• What does the zona glomerulosa release and how does it function?
• Which statement is true about the peritoneal relationship of the left kidney?
• Which nerves contribute to the innervation of the female reproductive structures?
• Glanular hypospadias is defined by the external urethral orifice located on which aspect?
• What are the main vessels supplying the cavernous spaces of erectile tissue?
• Which corpus contains the spongy urethra?
• Which openings are the external openings of urethra & vagina?
• The pudendal canal is also known as which name?
• Which peritoneal pouch lies between the uterus and the rectum?
• Injury to the nerve to levator ani results in what?
• With the posterior, what does the middle thoracolumbar fascia enclose?
• What makes up a nephron?
• The vaginal artery forms an anastomosis with the vaginal branch of which artery?
• The broad ligament is best described as which of the following?
• Which description correctly describes the ovarian ligament?
• Which of the following is an internal structure of the kidney?
• Which option correctly lists all components of the root of the penis?
• Where does the round ligament of the uterus originate?
• The middle rectal artery primarily supplies which region?
• End-abdominal fascia lies between which structures superiorly?
• Which gland is described as the largest accessory gland?
• Which of the following constitutes the lateral borders of the anal triangle?
• Which structure carries urine from the collecting system to the bladder?
• The left crus of the diaphragm originates from which vertebral levels?
• Which muscle is the female-only component of the urogenital diaphragm?
• Which form of hypospadias is defined by an external urethral opening on the ventral aspect of the glans penis?
• In males, which part of the urethra is contained within the deep perineal space?
• What are the three layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?
• Where is the prostate located relative to the bladder neck and the external urethral sphincter?
• Which nerve is NOT listed among the innervation of the female reproductive structures?
• Where does the internal iliac artery terminate?
• What are the attachments of the ovaries?
• The anterior fibers of the bulbospongiosus do which of the following?
• How many Skene's glands are present?
• Ducts of glands in the central zone empty into which structure?
• Which symptom is not a typical ovarian cancer symptom listed in the material?
• Which structures pass through the urogenital hiatus?
• The visceral pelvic fascia forms the adventitial layer of what?
• The opening that transmits the aorta is the
• Which structure is a content of the superficial perineal space?
• How is the left kidney separated from the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and small intestine?
• What are the two spaces around the uterus?
• When are proteolytic enzymes secreted into semen?
• What is the distribution of the pudendal nerve?
• Which adrenal cortex zone is primarily responsible for mineralocorticoid production?
• In tubal pregnancy, which portion is most commonly involved?
• The mesovarium is best described as which of the following?
• The perineal body serves as an attachment point for which structures?
• Which cylindrical cavernous body contains the spongy urethra?
• Which tissue receives blood from the deep arteries of the penis?
• The intermediate (membranous) part of the male urethra penetrates which structure as it enters the perineal region?
• Which of the following is an origin of the quadratus lumborum?
• From inner to outer, what are the coverings of the testes?
• Where is the uterovesical pouch located?
• The majority of ovarian cancers are derived from which tissue?
• What is important about the labia minora?
• What is the seminal vesicle?
• The prostatic part of the male urethra is a remnant of which embryologic structure?
• What marks the boundary between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle?
• What is the body of the penis?
• Bartholin's glands are located at which position relative to the vaginal opening?
• Describe the vas deferens path.
• Which part of the broad ligament covers the uterus?
• What is the first part of the male urethra and where does it pass?
• Perineal muscles are more developed in which sex?
• Failure of urogenital folds to fuse on the ventral surface of the penis leads to an incomplete what?
• Pelvic fascia is a continuation of which fascia that lies between the muscular abdomen and peritoneum superiorly?
• Where do the right and left ovarian arteries branch from?
• Bowman’s capsule is also known as which of the following?
• In which tissue plane is the perineal body located?
• What is the prepuce also known as?
• What does a minor calyx receive?
• Which muscle is NOT typically considered part of the posterior abdominal wall muscles?
• Which layer of pelvic fascia includes the membranous fascia that directly ensheathes the pelvic organs, forming the adventitial layer of each?
• What is the preputial sac?
• Which artery travels anterior to the sacroiliac joint and posterior to the common iliac vessels?
• What is the ovarian ligament also known as?
• Which erectile tissue is dorsal and paired?
• What are fimbriae?
• Where are the sympathetic trunks located in relation to the medial arcuate ligament?
• Which structure collects urine from the minor calyces?
• Which renal anomaly involves fusion of the kidneys at the lower poles forming a horseshoe shape?
• Which opening is located at the level of T8?
• Where is the root of the penis located?
• The ischiorectal fossa is which shape?
• What does the renal medulla contain?
• Which muscle is primarily supplied by the inferior gluteal artery?
• How does the internal pudendal artery exit the pelvis?
• Which plexus supplies the lower limb and forms within the posterior abdominal wall around the psoas muscle?
• From which artery does the vaginal artery arise?
• Damage to the sacral plexus results in what symptom?
• What does the dorsal nerve of the clitoris provide?
• Ligation of the internal iliac artery reduces blood flow to which region?
• What are the 3 passageways of the bladder trigone?
• If an internal iliac artery aneurysm is symptomatic, what is the recommended management?
• The dorsal, paired cylindrical erectile tissue is the:
• Which space is located anterior to the uterus?
• What is the normal position of the uterus?
• Which structure is a ligament of the diaphragm?
• How big is the prostate?
• What is the fundus of the uterus?
• What muscles are located within the body of the penis?
• The peripheral zone of the prostate is located
• Damage to the nerve to levator ani and its branches results in what?
• How does the inferior gluteal artery exit the pelvis?
• The uterovesical pouch and rectouterine pouch are lined with?
• What is the superior border of the superficial perineal space?
• What would solve a case of paraphimosis?
• Approximately 2/3 of the prostate is composed of which tissue type?
• The perineal artery supplies which muscle?
• What is the distribution of the sciatic nerve?
• Glands in the transitional zone typically undergo which change?
• What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?
• What forms the posterior border of the superficial perineal space?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the renal corpuscle?
• Contraction of the ischiocavernosus muscles does which of the following?
• What best describes the scrotum?
• Which of the following is a histological zone of the prostate?
• What is the tunica albuginea?
• Where does the prostatic part of the male urethra arise from?
• The lumbosacral trunk supplies which regions?
• Which statement describes the motor innervation to the penis?
• The root of the penis is composed of the?
• How does the obturator artery exit the pelvis?
• Posterior scrotal branches supply which region?
• The left kidney is closely associated with which structure?
• Which is the deepest fascia associated with the urogenital diaphragm?
• What is the blood supply of the kidney generally?
• Which urethral segment traverses the length of the penis within the corpus spongiosum?
• From which plexus does the sciatic nerve arise?
• Which of the following is a common cause of pelvic nerve injury?
• Surgery typically damages what pelvic nerves?
• What is the perineal body?
• The ventral, unpaired cylindrical erectile tissue is the:
• Which part of the fallopian tube lies within the wall of the uterus?
• The left kidney spans from which vertebral levels?
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome describes what?
• What is the lateral border of the deep perineal space?
• Where is the intramural part of the fallopian tube located?
• What are the spinal levels of the pelvic splanchnic nerve?
• Which tissue forms the clitoral crus?
• Which muscle's fascia thickening forms the lateral arcuate ligament?
• Which statement about the diaphragmatic openings is true?
• Where does the psoas major insert?
• What does the spongy part of the male urethra have?
• What is the term for the loss of bladder control?
• What is the vestibule of the vulva?
• Which two muscles join the external anal sphincter in attaching centrally to the perineal body?
• What are the ligaments of the penis?
• Which adrenal cortex zone is primarily involved in producing glucocorticoids?
• Which muscles are located in the superficial perineal pouch?
• From which artery does the prostatic artery arise?
• Which zone of the prostate makes up the main body and is located posteriorly?
• Colle's fascia is another name for which layer?
• Which nerve primarily supplies the perineum and external genitalia?
• Which of the following is a true ligament of the uterus?
• Which statement correctly describes the tissue composition of the prostate?
• What are the plexuses of the pelvis mainly drained by?
• The intramural part lies within the wall of which structure?
• The broad ligament is best described as which of the following?
• The origin of the psoas minor is at which vertebral levels?
• The deep perineal space lies between which structures?
• Where is urine reflux permitted?
• What is turgidity?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the penis?
• The round ligament blends with which tissue?
• How is the right kidney separated from the liver and small intestine?
• Which description best characterizes the nerves associated with the diaphragm and their locations?
• What does the prostate gland secrete and why?
• Which statement about gonadal venous drainage is correct?
• NOT a branch of the internal pudendal artery in males?
• Which statement correctly identifies origin and insertion of the psoas minor?
• Which vertebral level marks the superior border of the right kidney?
• Which statement about the bladder trigone is true?
• Where do the ducts of glands in the peripheral zone empty?
• Which pair of glands are part of the female external genitalia involved in lubrication?
• What are the three histological zones of the prostate?
• What is the distribution of the pelvic splanchnic nerve?
• What is the function of the ischiocavernosus muscles?
• What is the largest accessory gland?
• Which structures are contents of the urogenital triangle?
• The root of the penis consists of which structures?
• What provides a firmer base for the penis during erection?
• Name the three zones of the adrenal cortex.
• The tendinous arch covering the obturator internus muscle is formed from which fascia?
• When the pudendal nerve reaches the distal end of the pudendal canal, it bifurcates and gives rise to which two nerves?
• The aorta and its branches, IVC and associated structures, lymphatic system including cisterna chyli form anterior to which structure?
• NOT a branch of the internal pudendal artery in females?
• The lumbosacral trunk is formed by the ventral rami of which spinal levels?
• Cremasteric artery branches originate from which arteries?
• Which form of hypospadias has the external urethral opening in the body of the penis?
• Which artery travels anterior and medial to the piriformis and sends branches to the sacral foramina?
• Over which bony landmark does the mons pubis lie?
• The urogenital triangle spans transversely across which structures?
• The middle rectal artery supplies which structure?
• Which nerves innervate the posterior scrotum?
• Which of the following lists the components that make up the kidney's collecting system?
• Which muscle originates from the sacrum and contributes to the pelvic wall?
• Penile skin is supplied by which arteries?
• Upon contraction, the diaphragm does what?
• The vas deferens is also known as?
• The covering of the corpus cavernosum is the:
• Which statement accurately describes the travel of the superior gluteal artery?
• What nerve supplies the sphincter urethrae in both sexes?
• The spongy (penile) urethra begins at the distal end of which part?
• The intrabulbar fossa is a dilation of the lumen in which urethral portion?
• What is the perimetrium?
• How would you describe kidney location generally?
• What do the ischiocavernosus muscles surround?
• What covers the fallopian tubes?
• In the described renal blood supply sequence, which arteries are encountered after the interlobar arteries?
• The piriformis tendon passes through which foramen to attach on the femur?
• Which statement best describes the left kidney's relation to the stomach and spleen?
• Smegma accumulates in which space due to phimosis?
• Pelvic fascia lies between membranous peritoneum and which structures?
• What does the adrenal medulla produce?
• Which zone releases androgens and regulates sex hormones?
• Where is the lateral aorta located in relation to the superior mesenteric artery?
• Which muscles are located in the superficial perineal pouch as superficial perineal muscles?
• Which artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery and is present in both sexes?
• Bulb of penis arteries are branches of which artery?
• Which zone constitutes about 65% of the prostate volume?
• What is the body of the uterus?
• Immunity to urine reflux is provided by ducts emptying in which prostate zone?
• The perineal body lies at the midpoint of the line between which structures?
• Hypospadias is associated with which condition?
• Which structure listed is a component of the nephron?
• The covering of the corpus spongiosum is the:
• Which set lists the four primary groups of pelvic lymph nodes?
• The membranous portion of the male urethra is also known as which term?
• Arcuate veins run into which veins that eventually form the renal vein?
• Which area contains the openings of the urethra and vagina?
• Which structure does not pass through the urogenital hiatus?
• The perineal membrane is also known as which term?
• How many cylindrical cavernous bodies of erectile tissue are there in the penis?
• What is the innervation of the clitoral cavernous tissue?
• How is the lateral border of the kidney defined?
• Which muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?
• What is the anterolateral border of the urogenital triangle?
• Insertion of the psoas minor?
• The perineum is bounded by which landmark?
• In an uncircumcised individual, the skin and fascia of the penis form which structure?
• What is the clitoris?
• How can the location of the urinary bladder be described?
• What is the function of the uterine ligaments?
• What is the mons pubis?
• Where does obturator internus arise?
• Which erectile tissue is ventral and unpaired?
• Which artery is a branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?
• Which structure does the perineal body blend anteriorly with?
• Innervation of the psoas minor?
• From which vessel does the common iliac artery arise?
• Cavernous nerves that innervate the clitoral erectile tissue arise from which plexus?
• Hyperandrogenemia in PCOS causes which of the following?
• What is the primary sensory innervation of the penis?
• The blood supply of the iliacus includes branches from which arteries?
• The iliopsoas is formed by psoas major and which muscle?
• Which consequence can arise from phimosis?
• What is the function of the sphincter urethrae in males and females?
• What is the urinary bladder lined with?
• Spinal levels that give rise to the nerves to the levator ani and coccygeus are from which segments?
• What does the perineal body form?
• Which event is listed as a potential complication of tubal ectopic pregnancy?
• What marks the superior boundary of the body of the uterus?
• What does the inferior rectal nerve supply?
• Uterine prolapse is best described as a condition caused by what?
• What does the suspensory ligament of the ovary contain?
• Which vessels come after the arcuate arteries in the listed pathway?
• Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the pudendal vessels to the deep perineal space?
• What is the purpose of the smooth muscle of the internal urethral sphincter surrounding the intramural part of the male urethra?
• Which urethral sphincter is involuntary?
• Outer sides of the labia majora are described as which feature after puberty?
• Which artery supplies the posterior scrotum?
• The lateral arcuate ligament thickens fascia covering which muscle?
• How many layers are contained within the thoracolumbar fascia?
• What is the pelvic floor also known as?
• Which openings define the trigone?
• Which of the following is not an opening of the diaphragm?
• Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
• Which glands are also known as greater vestibular glands?
• Where does the medial arcuate ligament extend from?
• Penoscrotal/scrotal hypospadias arises from the failure of fusion of which embryologic structures?
• The fundiform ligament splits around the penis and unites with which fascia to form the scrotal septum?
• What are the spinal levels of the pudendal nerve?
• How does the obturator artery travel?
• Skene's glands are also known as?
• Which nerves pierce the crura of the diaphragm?
• The trigone is defined as?
• What forms the posterior border of the anal triangle?
• The caval opening transmits which major vessel?
• Which rib is associated with the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?
• How does the inferior vesicular artery travel in the pelvis?
• Which statement about ovarian cancer mortality is true?
• Hypospadias is best described as which of the following?
• Childbirth may cause pelvic floor damage resulting in what outcome?
• Pelvic venous plexuses drain predominantly into which veins?
• The spongy part of the male urethra is supplied by which arterial branches?
• What structure lies posterior to the prostate and allows for digital rectal examination assessment?
• The cardinal ligament is a pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of the vagina and houses the uterine vasculature. It is a type of which fascia?
• Which layer lines the surface of the testes directly?
• The proximal attachments of the corpora cavernosa are to which bony landmarks?
• Which statement is true about the posterior thoracolumbar fascia's location?
• The deep artery of the penis supplies which structure?
• The midline scrotal raphe is continuous with which raphe?
• Which nerves innervate the anterior scrotum?
• The superficial transverse perineal and bulbospongiosus cross which structure to support the pelvic viscera?
• Describe the labia minora.
• How does the umbilical artery travel?
• How many Bartholin's glands are present?
• The adrenal medulla stimulates which nervous system?
• Which of the following is NOT a part of the broad ligament?
• Which ventral rami contribute to the lumbosacral trunk?
• Which of the following is a content of the superficial perineal space?
• Which area lies superficial to the urogenital diaphragm?
• Where do prostate ducts open?
• What is the scrotum?
• Which structure is NOT contained in the anal triangle?
• The sciatic nerve, the pudendal nerve, the pelvic splanchnic nerve, and the nerves to levator ani and coccyges are all branches of which plexus?
• In a male, which structures are contents of the urogenital triangle?
• The membranous layer of superficial fascia is also known as?
• Which part of the broad ligament connects to the ovary?
• The vaginal artery anastomoses with which vessel?
• Which structure is NOT among the diaphragm's embryological contributors?
• What do the bulbospongiosus muscles form?
• What surrounds the membranous part of the male urethra?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a content of the urogenital triangle?
• Which description matches the transitional zone of the prostate?
• What forms the inferior boundary of the perineum?
• What is the myometrium?
• Where are Skene's glands located?
• The coccygeus is innervated by anterior rami of which spinal nerves?
• The dorsal artery of the penis is a branch of which artery?
• Which muscle forms the muscular wall of the bladder?
• Which glands are present in the labia minora?
• What is the endometrium?
• Which artery travels in the lateral ligament of the bladder?
• What does the umbilical artery supply?
• What is the first branch of the pudendal nerve as it enters the pudendal canal?
• What is the function of Skene's glands?
• The thoracic duct passes through which diaphragmatic opening?
• What is the ureter?
• Where does the superior gluteal artery exit the pelvis?
• The common covering for both the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum is:
• The vagina is lined by which type of epithelium?
• What is the origin of the psoas major muscle?
• What is the right kidney closely associated with?
• A congenital diaphragmatic hernia is also known as which term?
• Which artery exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and supplies the gluteal region?
• What are other important structures of the uterus?
• What sits on top of the superior pole of each kidney?
• What is the mesovarium?
• Through which foramen does the piriformis tendon pass to reach the femur?
• Which form of hypospadias has the external urethral opening in the perineum?
• The suspensory ligament arises anterior to the pubic symphysis and anchors what?
• Which is the narrowest part of the fallopian tube?
• The deep perineal space is also known as which structure?
• Which arteries supply the scrotum?
• The posterior thoracolumbar fascia lies lateral to which muscles?
• Which membrane lines the uterine pouches?
• Which feature is described as a vertical fissure related to the kidney?
• The mucus secreted by Bartholin's glands does what?
• The glomerulus is a part of which structure?
• What is the clitoris attached to?
• Which artery supplies the perineum and erectile tissues?
• What is the renal pelvis?
• Which description best characterizes penile skin?
• What is a nephron?
• Where do the left gonadal veins drain?
• What are the branches of the fornix in the uterus?
• What is the third part of the male urethra and where does it pass?